Guard cells are cells that surround the stomata, which are small openings on the surface of leaves, stems, and other plant organs. The stomata are responsible for regulating the exchange of gases between the plant and the environment, allowing for carbon dioxide to enter the plant and oxygen to be released. Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of the stomata, ensuring that the plant is able to maintain its water balance, while also allowing for the exchange of gases necessary for photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy in the form of carbohydrates. The process of photosynthesis occurs within chloroplasts, which are present in guard cells. Chloroplasts contain pigments called chlorophylls, which absorb light energy from the sun. This energy is then used to split water molecules, releasing oxygen as a waste product, and creating energy-rich molecules that are used in the synthesis of carbohydrates.
The opening and closing of stomata are controlled by guard cells. When the plant is in need of water, guard cells close the stomata to prevent water loss. When the plant has enough water, guard cells open the stomata to allow for the exchange of gases necessary for photosynthesis. The process of opening and closing the stomata is controlled by changes in turgor pressure within the guard cells. When the guard cells become turgid, they swell, forcing the stomata to open. When the guard cells lose turgidity, they become flaccid, and the stomata close.
In conclusion, understanding the function of guard cells is critical to our understanding of plant growth and development. Guard cells are responsible for regulating the exchange of gases between the plant and the environment, ensuring that the plant is able to maintain its water balance while also allowing for the exchange of gases necessary for photosynthesis. Guard cells contain chloroplasts, which are responsible for the process of photosynthesis, making them essential components of plant biology.#16#