A stoma is an opening created in the body’s surface as part of a surgical procedure to allow the diversion of bodily waste into a collection bag. Stoma can be temporary or permanent, depending on the extent of the surgical procedure and the reason for the stoma. There are three types of stoma: colostomy, ileostomy, and urostomy.
Colostomy involves creating a stoma in the colon or large intestine. This is often done to treat colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or obstruction of the bowel. An ileostomy, on the other hand, is created in the small intestine and is usually performed when removal of the colon is necessary, as in cases of ulcerative colitis or hereditary colon cancer syndromes.
Urostomy involves creating a stoma in the urinary tract to reroute urine flow out of the body. This can be necessary for patients with bladder cancer or people who have had surgery to remove the bladder.
Patients who undergo stoma surgery need to be prepared for significant lifestyle changes. For example, they need to wear a specialized collection bag that attaches to the stoma and needs to be emptied several times a day. It’s also important to maintain good hygiene around the stoma to prevent infection and other complications.
Patients must understand the importance of stoma maintenance and care after surgery. For example, they need to adhere to a specific diet and learn how to change the collection bags and clean the stoma. Patients also need to watch out for signs of complications, such as changes in the color or consistency of the output, as well as discharge, infection, bleeding, or unusual pain.
In conclusion, stoma is a life-changing surgery that requires careful consideration and preparation. Patients need to understand the procedure, possible complications, and care after surgery to help them adapt to their new normal. Healthcare providers play an essential role in educating patients and providing ongoing support throughout the process to help them achieve the best possible outcomes.