Stoma is a surgical procedure that creates an opening on the abdominal wall to redirect waste or urine. Stoma is commonly used as a treatment option for patients with inflammatory bowel disease, rectal cancer, or bladder cancer. It can be either temporary or permanent. A stoma can be created on several parts of the digestive or urinary system, including the small intestine, large intestine, or bladder. The three most common types of stomas are the ileostomy, colostomy, and urostomy.
Ileostomy: This procedure involves creating a stoma from a portion of the small intestine. It is typically used when the lower part of the large intestine is removed. The output is liquid, and the patient will need to wear an ostomy bag at all times. It is usually permanent.
Colostomy: This type of stoma involves creating an opening from the large intestine or colon. The procedure can be temporary or permanent, depending on the patient’s condition. The output can range from semi-solid to solid, and the patient will need to wear an ostomy bag at all times.
Urostomy: This involves creating an opening from the urinary bladder to the abdominal wall. The procedure is typically permanent and is used when the patient’s bladder is damaged or removed. The output is urine, which is collected in a bag attached to the stoma.
Preparing for stoma surgery involves a series of consultations with the surgeon, stoma nurse, and other healthcare providers. The patient will need to undergo several tests and imaging scans to determine the best place for the stoma and to evaluate the overall health condition. The healthcare team will also provide the patient with nutrition and lifestyle guidance to optimize their recovery.
Living with a stoma can be challenging at first, but with time, most patients adapt to the new lifestyle. Eating a healthy diet and staying hydrated is crucial to maintain bowel and bladder health. Patients should also avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activities that could strain the stoma or cause a hernia. It is also essential to seek support from family, friends, or support groups to ease the emotional impact of the procedure.
In conclusion, stoma surgery is a life-changing procedure that can drastically improve the quality of life for patients with digestive or urinary system issues. By understanding the types of stomas, preparing for the surgery, and adopting a healthy lifestyle, patients can lead a fulfilling life after stoma surgery.