Terminal buds are the primary growth points of plants, commonly located at the tips of stems and branches. These buds contain apical meristem, which comprises actively dividing cells that generate all the new growth and tissues in the plant. In other words, the apical meristem in terminal buds is responsible for elongation and branching of the shoot through cell division and differentiation. Therefore, they play a crucial role in plant growth and development.
Terminal buds are the highest point of the plant, and so they are responsible for orientation and growth of the plant towards sunlight. Thus, they determine the overall shape of the plant. Moreover, the presence or absence of terminal buds influences the signalling system of plants, which affects both their defence mechanisms and their ability to withstand environmental pressures.
Pruning is a technique that involves cutting off specific parts of a plant to improve its health, aesthetics, and to encourage new growth. Understanding the role of terminal buds is crucial to effective pruning. For instance, cutting off the terminal bud (known as apical dominance) can encourage lateral branching and improve the appearance of the plant. However, if you want to encourage the growth of a single dominant stem, it is recommended to leave the terminal bud intact.
One useful technique for pruning a plant is called ‘heading back.’ This involves cutting off the tip of a stem at a point just above a lateral bud. When done properly, the dormant lateral buds will grow, forming multiple branches and, therefore, a fuller plant. This technique is particularly useful on many shrubs, such as lilacs, roses, and hydrangeas.
In conclusion, terminal buds are critical growth points in plants that determine the overall shape, orientation, and development of the plant. By understanding their importance, gardeners can use pruning techniques like ‘heading back’ to encourage new growth and enhance the overall health of the plant.