Endosperm is a vital component of seeds in flowering plants, serving as a source of nutrients for the developing embryo. It acts as a storage tissue, containing carbohydrates, proteins, and fats that are essential for the germination and early growth of the plant. The endosperm is formed during double fertilization, where one sperm fertilizes the egg to form the embryo, and the other fertilizes the central cell to form the endosperm.
As the plant embryo grows, it relies on the endosperm for sustenance until it can photosynthesize and produce its own food. Endosperm also plays a role in protecting the embryo and providing structural support for the seed. In some plants, such as corn and wheat, the endosperm is the main source of nutrients for humans and animals. Understanding the importance of endosperm in plant development highlights its significance in the growth and survival of plant species.#16#