If you or someone you know has undergone surgery that resulted in the creation of a stoma, it’s essential to understand what it is, the various types, and the care it requires.
A stoma is a surgically created opening on the body that allows waste to pass through and be either collected in a pouch or pass out of the body. There are four types of stomas – colostomy, ileostomy, urostomy, and gastrostomy.
Colostomy is created when the colon is brought to the surface of the abdomen, and the end of the large intestine is attached to it. An ileostomy, on the other hand, is created when a part of the small intestine called the ileum is brought to the surface, bypassing the large intestine. A urostomy is created when a person’s bladder is removed, and an opening is made in the abdomen to allow urine to pass out. Finally, a gastrostomy is a stoma created to provide nutrition directly to the stomach through a feeding tube.
Caring for a stoma is essential to avoid complications such as infections, skin irritation, and leakage. Keeping the skin around the stoma clean and dry is crucial, and using skin barriers can prevent any acid from leaking onto the skin. Changing the stoma pouch after every two to three days and monitoring any changes in the stoma is crucial. A health care professional can guide you on the right stoma care routine and provide you with appropriate supplies.
Living with a stoma does not mean a person cannot lead a normal life. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial. Avoiding foods that may cause gas, watching fluid intake, and incorporating regular exercise can help you stay healthy. Additionally, seeking emotional support through support groups and counselling can help you manage any anxiety, depression, or fear you may have after stoma surgery.
In conclusion, having a stoma can be challenging, but with the right support, education, and planning, it is possible to manage a healthy and productive life. Understanding the different types of stomas, practicing proper stoma care, and living a healthy lifestyle can all contribute to a positive outcome.