A stoma, also known as ostomy, is a surgical procedure in which a small opening is created in the abdomen to allow waste or urine to leave the body. Stomas are usually performed on people who have medical conditions such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or birth defects. There are three types of stomas, colostomy, ileostomy, and urostomy, depending on the area that needs to be diverted.
Colostomy involves diverting the colon to the abdominal wall, while ileostomy involves diverting the small intestine. Urostomy, on the other hand, involves diverting urine from the bladder. The type of stoma performed depends on the condition the patient is suffering from.
Stoma surgery is done under general anesthesia and is often performed along with other surgeries to treat the underlying condition. Once the opening is made, the surgeon will place a stoma appliance over it to collect the waste. The appliance may either be a bag or a pouch that sticks to the skin to avoid leakage. The appliance is emptied a few times a day, and the patient may need to change it every few days.
After surgery, the patient may experience some discomfort, swelling, or redness around the stoma. However, these symptoms usually disappear within a few days or weeks. It’s essential to keep the area clean and follow the doctor’s instructions to prevent infections.
Living with a stoma can be challenging, both physically and emotionally. However, with proper care and support, many people with stomas can lead a normal life. Support groups and counseling can help patients cope with the changes and challenges that come with having a stoma.
In conclusion, stoma surgery is a life-changing procedure that can improve the quality of life for people with certain medical conditions. Understanding what to expect before and after surgery is essential to manage the transition successfully. If you or a loved one is facing the possibility of stoma surgery, it’s essential to talk to your doctor and get the support you need.